Plastiki e entsoe ka thepa efe?
E le thepa ea bohlokoa bophelong ba sejoale-joale, polasetiki e sebelisoa haholo libakeng tse ngata tse kang ho paka, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, likoloi le kaho. Li-plastiki li entsoe ka thepa efe? Sena se hlile se kenyelletsa saense e rarahaneng ea li-polymer indastering ea lik'hemik'hale. Lipolasetiki li entsoe ka mefuta e fapaneng ea li-polymers tsa maiketsetso kapa tsa semi-synthetic, 'me lisebelisoa tsena tse tala tsa polymer li sebetsoa ka lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng ho ea linthong tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tseo re li tsebang. Se latelang, re tla sekaseka ka ho qaqileng sebopeho sa polasetiki le mokhoa oa ho li lokisa.
1. Likarolo tsa motheo tsa polasetiki: li-polymers
Li-plastiki li entsoe ka eng? Karabo e ka sehloohong ke li-polymers. Polymer ke ketane ea limolek'hule tse phahameng tse entsoeng ka palo e kholo ea li-monomers tse pheta-phetoang tse kopantsoeng ke karabelo ea polymerization. Li-polymers tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) le polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Mefuta e fapaneng ea polasetiki e bonts'a thepa e fapaneng ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale ho latela mofuta oa monomer o sebelisitsoeng, mokhoa oa polymerization le sebopeho sa limolek'hule.

Polyethylene (PE): polymerised ho tloha ethylene monomer, e atisang ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa mekotla ea polasetiki, lifilimi tsa ho paka lijo, joalo-joalo.
Polypropylene (PP): polymerisation ea propylene monomer, e nang le ho hanyetsa mocheso o motle, e sebelisoang haholo ka libotlolo tsa libotlolo tsa polasetiki, lisebelisoa tsa ntlo.
Polystyrene (PS): polymerised ho tloha ho styrene monomer, e pepeneneng ebile e bonolo ho e etsa, e atisang ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-tableware tse lahliloeng, thepa ea ho paka.

2. Li-additives tse sebelisoang ha ho etsoa lipolasetiki
Ntle le li-polymers, li-plastiki li na le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse sebelisetsoang ho ntlafatsa thepa ea tsona kapa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso. Li-additives tsena li kenyelletsa li-antioxidants, li-plasticizers, stabilizers, li-coloring agents, li-filler joalo-joalo. Mofuta le palo ea li-additives li ama ka ho toba thepa ea 'mele le tšebeliso ea polasetiki.

Li-Plasticisers: eketsa maemo a bonolo a polasetiki le ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho sebetsa le ho bopa. Hangata e sebelisoa ho hlahisa PVC.
Antioxidants: thibela polasetiki ho tsofala ka lebaka la oxidation nakong ea tlhahiso le tšebeliso, le ho ntlafatsa ho tšoarella ha eona.
Li-fillers: tse kang calcium carbonate, phofo ea talcum, e sebelisetsoang ho eketsa boima le botsitso ba polasetiki, ha e ntse e fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso.

3. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea polasetiki: karabelo ea polymerization le theknoloji ea ho bopa
Tlhahiso ea polasetiki e arotsoe haholo ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: karabelo ea polymerization le ho bopa. Li-monomers li fetoloa li-polymer ka liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale. Ho latela mokhoa oa polymerisation, e ka aroloa ka polymerisation ea mahala, polymerization ea anionic, polymerization ea cationic le copolymerization. Ka mor'a moo, polymer e etsoa lihlahisoa tsa sebopeho se lakatsehang ka ho bōptjoa ka ente, extrusion, blow-moulding le mekhoa e meng.

Ho bopa ka ente: Polasetiki e futhumetseng e qhibilihisitsoeng e hatelloa ka har'a hlobo ebe e bōptjoa, e atisang ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki tse sebelisoang letsatsi le leng le le leng.
Extrusion: Plastiki e futhumetse ebe e thehoa ka extrusion, e loketseng ho etsa lihlahisoa tse tsoelang pele tse kang liphaephe le lifilimi.
Ho bopa: Polasetiki e qhibilihisitsoeng e entsoe ka moea 'me e sebelisetsoa ho etsa lihlahisoa tse se nang letho joalo ka libotlolo.

4. Mokhoa oa nts'etsopele oa li-plastic eco-friendly
Ka keketseho ea tlhokomeliso ea tikoloho, batho ba behile litlhoko tse ngata tsa tikoloho bakeng sa tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea lipolasetiki. Lipolasetiki tse senyehang, li-bio-based le li-recycled plastics li fetoha tataiso e ncha ea tsoelo-pele.

Li-plastiki tse senyehang: tse kang polylactic acid (PLA), li ka senyeha butle-butle ho carbon dioxide le metsi tikolohong ea tlhaho.
Li-plastiki tse thehiloeng ho baelo: li-polymers tse entsoeng ka lihlahisoa tsa limela, tse kang poone le 'moba, tse fumanoang ka phetoho ea likokoana-hloko.
Li-plastics tse tsosolositsoeng: ka ho tsosolosa lihlahisoa tsa khale tsa polasetiki, ka mokhoa oa ho hloekisa, ho senya le ho tsosolosa, li sebelisoa hape ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ncha.

Qetello
Ka tlhahlobo e ka holimo, re ka araba ka ho hlaka potso ea "polasetiki e entsoe ka eng": polasetiki e entsoe haholo ka li-polymers tsa maiketsetso le li-additives tse fapa-fapaneng, tse sebetsoang ka mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea ho bōpa. Ka tsoelo-pele ea mahlale le thekenoloji, nts'etsopele ea lipolasetiki tse bolokang tikoloho butle-butle li fetola ho itšetleha ha rona ka lipolasetiki tsa setso, le ho khothalletsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea polasetiki ka tsela e tala le e tsitsitseng haholoanyane.