Tlhaloso ea Motheo eaPhenol
Phenol, eo hape e tsejoang e le carbolic acid, ke kristale e tiileng e se nang 'mala e nang le monko o ikhethang. Mocheso oa kamore, phenol ke ntho e tiileng 'me e qhibiliha hanyane ka metsing, leha ho qhibiliha ha eona ho eketseha ka mocheso o phahameng. Ka lebaka la boteng ba sehlopha sa hydroxyl, phenol e bonts'a acidity e fokolang. E ka etsa ionize ka mokhoa o itseng ka litharollo tse nang le metsi, e etsa phenoxide le hydrogen ions, e e khetholla e le asiti e fokolang.
Lik'hemik'hale tsa Phenol
1. Asiti:
Phenol e na le asiti ho feta bicarbonate empa e na le asiti e nyane ho feta asiti ea carbonic, e e nolofalletsang ho sebetsa ka lithapo tse matla tsa litharollo tse nang le metsi ho etsa matsoai. E tsitsitse libakeng tse nang le asiti, e leng ho eketsang mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa tlas'a maemo a joalo.
2. Botsitso:
Phenol e bontša botsitso bo botle tlas'a maemo a acidic. Leha ho le joalo, libakeng tsa motheo tse matla, e kenella ka hydrolysis ho theha matsoai a phenoxide le metsi. Sena se etsa hore e sebetse haholo lits'ebetsong tsa metsi.
3. Ortho/Para Directing Effect:
Sehlopha sa hydroxyl se ho phenol se kenya selikalikoe sa benzene tšebetsong ka ho resonance le litlamorao tse matla, ho etsa hore selikalikoe se be bonolo ho karabelo ea elektrophilic e kang nitration, halogenation, le sulfonation. Lits'ebetso tsena li bohlokoa ho organic synthesis e kenyelletsang phenol.
4. Disproportionation Reaction:
Tlas'a maemo a oxidative, phenol e feta ho se leka-lekane ho hlahisa benzoquinone le metsoako e meng ea phenolic. Karabelo ena e bohlokoa indastering bakeng sa ho kopanya lintho tse tsoang ho phenol.
Lik'hemik'hale tsa Phenol
1. Likarabo tsa Phapanyetsano:
Phenol e na le liphetoho tse fapaneng habonolo. Ka mohlala, e arabela ka motsoako oa concentrated sulfuric acid le nitric acid ho etsa nitrophenol; ka li-halogens ho theha halogenated phenols; le sulfuric anhydride ho hlahisa sulfonates.
2. Maikutlo a Oxidation:
Phenol e ka ba oxidized ho benzoquinone. Karabelo ena e sebelisoa haholo ha ho etsoa lidae le meriana.
3. Maikutlo a Condensation:
Phenol e kopana le formaldehyde tlasa maemo a asiti ho etsa phenol-formaldehyde resin. Mofuta ona oa resin o sebelisoa haholo ha ho etsoa lipolasetiki, likhomaretsi le lisebelisoa tse ling.
Lisebelisoa tsa Phenol
1. Meriana:
Phenol le lihlahisoa tsa eona li sebelisoa haholo indastering ea meriana. Mohlala, phenolphthalein ke sesupo se tloaelehileng sa acid-base, mme phenytoin sodium ke anticonvulsant. Phenol e boetse e sebetsa e le selelekela sa motsoako oa likarolo tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa lithethefatsi.
2. Materials Science:
Ho saense ea thepa, phenol e sebelisetsoa ho etsa li-resin tsa phenol-formaldehyde, tse tsejoang ka matla a tsona a phahameng le ho hanyetsa mocheso. Li-resin tsena hangata li sebelisoa ha ho etsoa thepa ea ho kenya letsoho, lipolasetiki le likhomaretsi.
3. Likokoana-hloko le Li-preservatives:
Ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e thibelang likokoana-hloko, phenol e sebelisoa haholo e le sebolaea-mafu le se sireletsang. E sebelisoa maemong a bongaka bakeng sa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko le indastering ea lijo bakeng sa ho boloka. Ka lebaka la chefo ea eona, phenol e tlameha ho sebelisoa ka taolo e tiileng ea mahloriso le litekanyetso.
Matšoenyeho a Tikoloho le Polokeho
Leha e sebelisoa haholo indastering le bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, phenol e baka likotsi tse ka bang teng tikolohong le bophelong ba batho. Tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea eona e ka silafatsa metsi le mobu, ea ama tikoloho le tikoloho hampe. Ka hona, mehato e tiileng ea tšireletso e tlameha ho nkoa ha ho tšoaroa le ho boloka phenol ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho. Bakeng sa batho, phenol e chefo 'me e ka baka ho teneha ha letlalo le lera la mucous, kapa esita le ho senya tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng.
Phenol ke motsoako oa bohlokoa oa organic o tsejoang ka thepa ea ona e ikhethang ea lik'hemik'hale le mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso. Ho tloha ho tsa meriana ho isa ho mahlale a thepa, phenol e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa mafapheng a fapaneng. Ka tlhokomeliso e ntseng e hola ea tikoloho, ho nts'etsapele mekhoa e meng e sireletsehileng le ho fokotsa phello ea tikoloho ea phenol e bile lipheo tsa bohlokoa.
Haeba u lakatsa hoithute haholoanyanekapa u na le lipotso tse ling mabapi le phenol, ikutloe u lokolohile ho tsoela pele ho hlahloba le ho buisana ka sehlooho sena.
Nako ea poso: May-13-2025
