Vinyl acetate (VAc), eo hape e tsejoang e le vinyl acetate kapa vinyl acetate, ke mokelikeli o hlakileng o se nang mebala mocheso o tloaelehileng le khatello, ka mokhoa oa molek'hule oa C4H6O2 le boima ba limolek'hule bo lekanyelitsoeng ba 86.9. VAc, joalo ka e 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tse sebelisoang haholo indastering ea tlhaho lefatšeng, e ka hlahisa lintho tse tsoang ho polyvinyl acetate resin (PVAc), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), le polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ka ho iketsetsa polymerization kapa copolymerization le li-monomers tse ling. Lintho tsena tse nkiloeng li sebelisoa haholo meahong, masela, mechine, meriana le lintlafatso tsa mobu. Ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea ho qetela lilemong tsa morao tjena, tlhahiso ea vinyl acetate e bontšitse mokhoa oa ho eketseha selemo le selemo, ka kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea vinyl acetate e fihlang 1970kt ka 2018. Hona joale, ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea thepa e tala le lits'ebetso, litsela tsa tlhahiso ea vinyl acetate haholo-holo li kenyelletsa mokhoa oa acetylene le mokhoa oa ethylene.
1. Ts'ebetso ea Acetylene
Ka 1912, F. Klatte, oa Canada, o ile a qala ho sibolla vinyl acetate e sebelisang acetylene e feteletseng le asiti ea acetic tlas'a khatello ea sepakapaka, mocheso o tlohang ho 60 ho isa ho 100 ℃, 'me a sebelisa letsoai la mercury e le li-catalysts. Ka 1921, Khamphani ea Jeremane ea CEI e ile ea hlahisa theknoloji bakeng sa motsoako oa mouoane oa vinyl acetate ho tloha acetylene le acetic acid. Ho tloha ka nako eo, bafuputsi ba tsoang linaheng tse fapaneng ba 'nile ba ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le maemo bakeng sa motsoako oa vinyl acetate ho tloha acetylene. Ka 1928, Khamphani ea Hoechst ea Jeremane e ile ea theha yuniti ea tlhahiso ea 12 kt/a vinyl acetate, e hlokomela tlhahiso e kholo ea indasteri ea vinyl acetate. Equation ea ho hlahisa vinyl acetate ka mokhoa oa acetylene ke e latelang:
Maikutlo a mantlha:

Litla-morao:

Mokhoa oa acetylene o arotsoe ka mokhoa oa mokelikeli oa mokelikeli le mokhoa oa khase.
The reactant phase state of the acetylene liquid phase mokhoa ke mokelikeli, 'me reactor ke tanka ea karabelo e nang le sesebelisoa se susumetsang. Ka lebaka la mefokolo ea mokhoa oa mohato oa mokelikeli o kang khetho e tlaase le lihlahisoa tse ngata, mokhoa ona o nkeloe sebaka ke mokhoa oa khase ea acetylene hona joale.
Ho ea ka mehloli e fapaneng ea ho lokisetsa khase ea acetylene, mokhoa oa khase ea acetylene o ka aroloa ka khase ea tlhaho ea acetylene Borden mokhoa le mokhoa oa carbide acetylene Wacker.
Ts'ebetso ea Borden e sebelisa acetic acid e le adsorbent, e ntlafatsang haholo sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea acetylene. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona oa ts'ebetso o thata ka botekgeniki 'me o hloka litšenyehelo tse phahameng, kahoo mokhoa ona o nka monyetla libakeng tse ruileng ka mehloli ea khase ea tlhaho.
Ts'ebetso ea Wacker e sebelisa acetylene le asiti ea acetic e hlahisoang ho tsoa ho calcium carbide e le lisebelisoa tse tala, e sebelisa catalyst e nang le k'habone e kentsoeng joalo ka sejari le zinc acetate e le karolo e sebetsang, ho kopanya VAc tlasa khatello ea sepakapaka le mocheso oa karabelo oa 170 ~ 230 ℃. Theknoloji ea ts'ebetso e batla e le bonolo 'me e na le litšenyehelo tse tlaase tsa tlhahiso, empa ho na le mefokolo e kang tahlehelo e bonolo ea likarolo tse sebetsang tsa catalyst, botsitso bo fokolang, tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla le tšilafalo e kholo.
2. Ts'ebetso ea ethylene
Ethylene, oksijene le glacial acetic acid ke lisebelisoa tse tharo tse sebelisoang ho ethylene synthesis ea vinyl acetate process. Karolo e ka sehloohong e sebetsang ea catalyst hangata ke karolo ea borobeli ea tšepe e ntle, e itšoarang ka mocheso o itseng le khatello. Kamora ts'ebetso e latelang, sehlahisoa sa vinyl acetate se qetella se fumanoe. Reaction equation ke e latelang:
Maikutlo a mantlha:

Litla-morao:

Ts'ebetso ea mohato oa mouoane oa ethylene e qalile pele ke Bayer Corporation 'me ea kenngoa tlhahisong ea indasteri bakeng sa tlhahiso ea vinyl acetate ka 1968. Mehala ea tlhahiso e ile ea thehoa Hearst le Bayer Corporation Jeremane le National Distillers Corporation United States, ka ho latellana. Haholo-holo ke palladium kapa khauta e jereng litšehetso tse hanyetsanang le acid, joalo ka lifaha tsa silika tsa gel tse nang le radius ea 4-5mm, le ho eketsoa ha palo e itseng ea potassium acetate, e ka ntlafatsang ts'ebetso le khetho ea catalyst. Mokhoa oa ho qaptjoa ha vinyl acetate o sebelisa ethylene vapor phase USI mokhoa o tšoana le mokhoa oa Bayer, 'me o arotsoe likarolo tse peli: synthesis le distillation. Ts'ebetso ea USI e fihletse ts'ebetso ea indasteri ka 1969. Likarolo tse sebetsang tsa catalyst ke haholo-holo palladium le platinum, 'me moemeli ea thusang ke potassium acetate, e tšehetsoeng ke mochine oa alumina. Maemo a karabelo a batla a le bobebe 'me sesebelisoa se na le bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso, empa chai ea nako e tlase. Ha ho bapisoa le mokhoa oa acetylene, mokhoa oa mohato oa mouoane oa ethylene o ntlafalitse haholo thekenoloji, 'me li-catalysts tse sebelisoang ka mokhoa oa ethylene li tsoela pele ho ntlafala mosebetsing le ho khetha. Leha ho le joalo, li-kinetics tsa karabelo le mochini oa deactivation li ntse li hloka ho hlahlojoa.
Ho hlahisa vinyl acetate ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ethylene ho sebelisa mochine o tsitsitseng oa bethe o nang le li-tubular tse tletseng catalyst. Khase ea phepelo e kena ka har'a mochini ho tloha holimo, 'me ha e ikopanya le bethe ea li-catalyst, ho na le ts'ebetso e matla ea ho hlahisa sehlahisoa sa vinyl acetate le karolo e nyane ea carbon dioxide. Ka lebaka la sebopeho se makatsang sa karabelo, metsi a hatelletsoeng a kenngoa ka har'a khetla ea mochini ho tlosa mocheso oa karabelo ka ho sebelisa mouoane oa metsi.
Ha ho bapisoa le mokhoa oa acetylene, mokhoa oa ethylene o na le litšobotsi tsa sebopeho sa mochine o kopanetsoeng, tlhahiso e kholo, tšebeliso e tlaase ea matla, le tšilafalo e tlaase, 'me theko ea sehlahisoa sa eona e tlaase ho feta ea mokhoa oa acetylene. Boleng ba sehlahisoa bo phahame, 'me boemo ba kutu ha bo tebile. Ka hona, mokhoa oa ethylene butle-butle o ile oa nkela mokhoa oa acetylene sebaka ka mor'a lilemo tsa bo-1970. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tse sa phethahalang, hoo e ka bang 70% ea VAc e hlahisoang ke mokhoa oa ethylene lefatšeng e fetohile mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea VAc.
Hajoale, theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa ea tlhahiso ea VAc lefatšeng ke BP's Leap Process le Celanese's Vantage Process. Ha ho bapisoa le mokhoa oa khale oa khase ea ethylene, mekhoa ena e 'meli ea mekhoa e ntlafetseng e ntlafalitse haholo setsi sa motlakase le sekontiri se ka sehloohong sa yuniti, ho ntlafatsa moruo le polokeho ea ts'ebetso ea lihlopha.
Celanese e thehile mokhoa o mocha oa Vantage oa bethe e tsitsitseng ho sebetsana le mathata a ho se lekane ha bethe ea catalyst le phetoho e tlaase ea ethylene ka tsela e le 'ngoe ho li-reactors tse tsitsitseng tsa bethe. Reactor e sebelisoang ts'ebetsong ena e ntse e le bethe e tsitsitseng, empa ntlafatso e kholo e entsoe tsamaisong ea li-catalyst, 'me lisebelisoa tsa ho tsosolosa ethylene li kenyelitsoe ka khase ea mohatla, ho hlōla mefokolo ea mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea bethe e tsitsitseng. Sehlahisoa sa vinyl acetate se phahame haholo ho feta sa lisebelisoa tse tšoanang. Sesebelisoa sa ts'ebetso se sebelisa platinum e le karolo e ka sehloohong e sebetsang, gel ea silica e le catalyst carrier, sodium citrate e le ntho e fokotsang, le lisebelisoa tse ling tse thusang tse kang lanthanide tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše tse kang praseodymium le neodymium. Ha ho bapisoa le li-catalysts tsa setso, khetho, mosebetsi, le lihlahisoa tsa nako ea sebaka li ntlafatsoa.
BP Amoco e thehile mokhoa oa mokhahlelo oa khase ea ethylene ea bethe, e tsejoang hape ka hore ke Leap Process process, 'me e hahile bethe ea 250 kt / bethe e nang le metsi Hull, England. Ho sebelisa ts'ebetso ena ho hlahisa vinyl acetate ho ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ka 30%, 'me nako ea nako ea nako ea lihlahisoa (1858-2744 g / (L · h-1)) e phahame haholo ho feta ea mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa bethe (700). -1200 g/(L · h-1)).
Ts'ebetso ea LeapProcess e sebelisa mochini o phefumolohang oa bethe lekgetlo la pele, o nang le melemo e latelang ha e bapisoa le mochini o phefumolohang oa bethe:
1) Ka betheng ea bethe e nang le metsi, mokelikeli o tsoela pele le ka mokhoa o ts'oanang o tsoakane, kahoo o kenya letsoho ho phatlalatsoeng ha junifomo ea mothetsi le ho netefatsa hore ho na le mahloriso a tšoanang a mokhatlalatsi ka har'a mochine.
2) Mokelikeli oa bethe o nang le metsi o ka 'na oa nka sebaka sa catalyst e sa sebetseng ka mokhoa o hloekileng tlas'a maemo a ts'ebetso.
3) Mocheso oa mocheso oa bethe o nang le metsi o lula o le teng, o fokotsa ts'ebetso ea catalyst deactivation ka lebaka la ho futhumala ha sebaka seo, ka tsela eo e lelefatsa bophelo ba tšebeletso ea catalyst.
4) Mokhoa oa ho tlosa mocheso o sebelisoang betheng ea mokelikeli o nang le metsi o nolofatsa sebopeho sa reactor mme o fokotsa molumo oa oona. Ka mantsoe a mang, moralo o le mong oa reactor o ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho kenya lik'hemik'hale tse kholo, ho ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea sekala sa sesebelisoa.